Attitude formation has three components: Affect which refers to the way a consumer feels about an attitude object. Behaviour involving the person's intentions to do something with regard to an attitude object. However, intention does not always lead to behaviour. Cognition refers to the beliefs a consumer has about an attitude object. These three components can respectively be thought of as feeling, doing and knowing. Consumer attitudes towards products can't be identified based on the beliefs held about them alone. E.g. A researcher may find that shoppers 'know' the iPhone 4s has an eight megapixel camera, but this does not indicate whether they think it's good or bad, or whether they intend to buy the phone or prefer a competitor's model. Attitude researchers have developed the concept of hierarchy of effects to explain how each component can lead to an attitude. Three Hierarchies of Effects
What are values? Values are ideas held by individuals or groups about what is desirable, proper, good and bad. What individuals value is strongly influenced by the specific culture in which they happen to live. From Introduction to Sociology, 2007, A. Giddens, Mitchell Duneier & Richard Appelbaum Different cultures have different values; they see different things as desirable. In Papau New Guinea teenage boys of the Iatmul tribe endure thousands of razor cuts intended to create scars that resemble a crocodile’s hide. Males remain ‘boys’ until they go through this procedure regardless of their age. Crocodile skin In western culture this process would seem barbaric to most people. This is because of the culture that most people grew up in and the resulting values they hold. Reflection on VALS test TimeLine events that impact on the values Why study values? Values are important to study because if we believe our values drive our behaviour, we should co...